What is Bicarbonate?

Bicarbonate (often reported as CO2 or total CO2) is an electrolyte that helps maintain the body's acid-base balance (pH). It's a key component of the buffer system that prevents your blood from becoming too acidic or too alkaline.

Why is it Important?

Bicarbonate is essential for:

Maintaining blood pH within normal range (7.35-7.45)
Buffering acids produced by metabolism
Regulating breathing rate
Supporting kidney function

Abnormal levels can indicate metabolic or respiratory disorders.

Normal Ranges

Group	Range	Unit
Adult	22 – 28	mEq/L

What Do Abnormal Results Mean?

Low Bicarbonate (Metabolic Acidosis)

Common causes include:

Diabetic ketoacidosis
Kidney disease (unable to excrete acids)
Lactic acidosis (shock, sepsis)
Diarrhea (loss of bicarbonate)
Starvation or fasting
Aspirin/methanol poisoning

High Bicarbonate (Metabolic Alkalosis)

Common causes include:

Prolonged vomiting (loss of stomach acid)
Diuretic medications
Hyperaldosteronism
Excessive antacid use
Cushing's syndrome
Respiratory acidosis compensation

When Should You Get Tested?

Bicarbonate is measured in electrolyte panels and comprehensive metabolic panels. Your doctor may order it if you have symptoms of acid-base imbalance like rapid breathing, confusion, fatigue, or irregular heartbeat.